Hauv kev lag luam tsim khoom, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav ntawm cov khoom kawg. Kev tswj xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw suav nrog ntau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev sim uas tsim los xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom siv ua tau raws li cov lus qhia thiab cov qauv xav tau. Tsab xov xwm no yuav siv sijhawm tob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas ntawm ntau yam khoom siv raw, suav nrog Q195 hlau thiab stainless hlau xws li 201, 304 thiab 316. Peb kuj tseem yuav tshawb nrhiav qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj xyuas bandwidth, thickness, hardness, thiab ua cov kev sim tensile kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv no muaj kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ua tau zoo.

## Nkag Siab Txog Cov Khoom Siv Raw

Cov khoom siv raw yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb uas siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Cov khoom siv raw muaj xws li cov hlau thiab cov yas mus rau cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov khoom siv av nplaum. Ntawm lawv, hlau yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws vim nws lub zog, kev ruaj khov thiab kev hloov pauv tau yooj yim. Cov hlau sib txawv, xws li Q195 thiab ntau yam hlau tsis xeb, muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb uas ua rau lawv haum rau ntau yam kev siv.

Q195 hlau

Q195 yog cov hlau uas tsis muaj carbon ntau uas feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tsim cov xov hlau, cov kav dej, thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev. Nws paub txog nws qhov kev vuam zoo thiab kev ua kom zoo, ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv nrov hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias Q195 hlau ua tau raws li cov qauv tsim nyog, nws yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas zoo.

### Cov qib hlau tsis xeb: 201, 304 thiab 316

Cov hlau tsis xeb yog lwm yam khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam tsim khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov lag luam uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv xeb, xws li kev ua zaub mov, tshuaj, thiab kev siv hauv dej hiav txwv. Cov qib feem ntau ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb suav nrog 201, 304, thiab 316, txhua tus muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb:

- **201 Hlau Tsis Xeb**: Qib no paub txog nws qhov kev tiv taus oxidation zoo thiab feem ntau siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev tiv taus corrosion nruab nrab. Nws pheej yig dua li lwm cov hlau tsis xeb, tab sis tej zaum yuav tsis ua haujlwm zoo hauv cov chaw muaj corrosion heev.

- **304 Hlau Tsis Xeb**: Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov qib siv dav tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb vim nws txoj kev tiv taus xeb zoo heev thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo. Nws feem ntau siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj, kev ua zaub mov, thiab cov thawv tshuaj.

- **316 Cov Hlau Tsis Xeb**: Paub txog nws qhov kev tiv taus xeb zoo heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov chlorides, 316 cov hlau tsis xeb feem ntau siv rau hauv kev siv hauv dej hiav txwv thiab ib puag ncig uas raug cov tshuaj lom neeg hnyav ntau zaus.

## Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo

Kev tswj xyuas cov khoom siv raw yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv kev tsim khoom ua tau raws li cov lus qhia uas yuav tsum tau ua. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog ntau qhov kev kuaj xyuas thiab kev sim tseem ceeb, suav nrog:

### 1. Xyuas qhov bandwidth thiab thickness

Qhov dav thiab tuab ntawm cov khoom siv raw yog cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom kawg. Piv txwv li, nrog cov phaj hlau lossis cov ntawv, qhov tuab yuav tsum sib xws kom ntseeg tau tias muaj zog thiab ruaj khov. Txhua qhov kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis muaj zog hauv cov qauv, uas yuav ua rau tsis ua haujlwm thaum siv.

Thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas, cov chaw tsim khoom siv cov ntsuas caliper thiab micrometers los ntsuas qhov tuab ntawm cov khoom siv. Qhov dav ntawm txoj siv kuj raug ntsuas kom ntseeg tau tias nws ua tau raws li qhov loj me uas tau teev tseg. Txhua qhov tsis sib xws yuav tsum tau daws ua ntej cov khoom siv tau pom zoo rau kev siv.

### 2. Kev sim qhov nyuaj

Qhov tawv yog qhov ntsuas ntawm cov khoom siv tiv taus kev hloov pauv thiab kev hnav. Qhov tawv yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev ruaj khov thiab lub zog. Ntau txoj kev sim qhov tawv, xws li Rockwell, Brinell, thiab Vickers, tuaj yeem siv los txiav txim siab qhov tawv ntawm cov khoom siv raw.

Piv txwv li, Q195 hlau yuav raug kuaj xyuas qhov nyuaj kom ntseeg tau tias nws ua tau raws li cov lus qhia uas xav tau rau nws siv. Ib yam li ntawd, 201, 304 thiab 316 stainless hlau qib kuj xav tau kev kuaj xyuas qhov nyuaj kom paub meej tias lawv qib qhov nyuaj, uas cuam tshuam rau lawv cov kev ua tau zoo hauv cov chaw muaj xeb.

### 3. Kev sim zog

Kev ntsuam xyuas tensile yog lwm yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj xyuas cov khoom siv raw. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no ntsuas lub zog thiab ductility ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm kev siv lub zog tensile kom txog thaum cov khoom tawg. Cov txiaj ntsig muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb txog cov khoom siv lub zog tso zis, lub zog tensile kawg, thiab elongation.

Piv txwv li, kev sim tensile ntawm Q195 hlau pab txiav txim siab nws qhov kev tsim nyog rau cov ntawv thov kev tsim kho, thaum kev sim cov qib stainless hlau tuaj yeem lees paub nws lub peev xwm los tiv taus kev ntxhov siab hauv ntau qhov chaw ib puag ncig. Cov ntaub ntawv tau los ntawm kev sim tensile yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv yuav ua haujlwm raws li qhov xav tau hauv daim ntawv thov uas tau npaj tseg.

## xaus lus

Kev tswj xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw yog ib qho txheej txheem tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom kawg muaj kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ua tau zoo. Los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas thiab sim cov ntaub ntawv xws li Q195 hlau thiab 201, 304 thiab 316 qib stainless hlau, cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem pom txhua yam teeb meem ua ntej lawv dhau los ua teeb meem loj. Kev kuaj xyuas bandwidth, thickness, hardness thiab ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tensile yog txhua yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Thaum kawg, lub kaw lus tswj xyuas zoo tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom, tab sis kuj txhawb nqa kev vam meej ntawm kev lag luam tsim khoom. Raws li kev lag luam txuas ntxiv mus, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw yuav tseem yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev tsim khoom zoo tshaj plaws.